A cairo surface represents an image, either as the destination of a drawing operation or as source when drawing onto another surface. More...

#include <cairomm/surface.h>

Inheritance diagram for Cairo::Surface:

[legend]

Public Types
enum class	Type { IMAGE = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_IMAGE , PDF = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_PDF , PS = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_PS , XLIB = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_XLIB , XCB = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_XCB , GLITZ = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_GLITZ , QUARTZ = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_QUARTZ , WIN32 = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_WIN32 , WIN32_SURFACE = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_WIN32 , BEOS = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_BEOS , DIRECTFB = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_DIRECTFB , SVG = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_SVG , OS2 = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_OS2 , WIN32_PRINTING = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_WIN32_PRINTING , QUARTZ_IMAGE = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_QUARTZ_IMAGE , SCRIPT = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_SCRIPT , QT = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_QT , RECORDING = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_RECORDING , VG = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_VG , GL = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_GL , DRM = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_DRM , TEE = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_TEE , XML = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_XML , SKIA = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_SKIA , SUBSURFACE = CAIRO_SURFACE_TYPE_SUBSURFACE }
	Cairo::Surface::Type is used to describe the type of a given surface. More...

enum class	Format { ARGB32 = CAIRO_FORMAT_ARGB32 , RGB24 = CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB24 , A8 = CAIRO_FORMAT_A8 , A1 = CAIRO_FORMAT_A1 , RGB16_565 = CAIRO_FORMAT_RGB16_565 }
	Format is used to identify the memory format of image data. More...

typedef sigc::slot< ErrorStatus(const unsigned char *, unsigned int)>	SlotWriteFunc
	For example: `ErrorStatus my_write_func(unsigned char* data, unsigned int length);` More...

typedef sigc::slot< ErrorStatus(unsigned char *, unsigned int)>	SlotReadFunc
	This is the type of function which is called when a backend needs to read data from an input stream. More...

typedef sigc::slot< void()>	SlotDestroy
	For instance, void on_destroy();. More...

typedef cairo_surface_t	cobject
	The underlying C cairo surface type. More...

Public Member Functions
	Surface (cairo_surface_t *cobject, bool has_reference=false)
	Create a C++ wrapper for the C instance. More...

	Surface (const Surface &)=delete

Surface &	operator= (const Surface &)=delete

virtual	~Surface ()

const unsigned char *	get_mime_data (const std::string & mime_type, unsigned long & length)
	Return mime data previously attached to surface using the specified mime type. More...

void	set_mime_data (const std::string & mime_type, unsigned char *data, unsigned long length, const SlotDestroy & slot_destroy)
	Attach an image in the format mime_type to surface. More...

void	unset_mime_data (const std::string & mime_type)
	Remove the data from a surface. More...

void	get_font_options (FontOptions & options) const
	Retrieves the default font rendering options for the surface. More...

void	finish ()
	This function finishes the surface and drops all references to external resources. More...

void	flush ()
	Do any pending drawing for the surface and also restore any temporary modifications cairo has made to the surface's state. More...

void	mark_dirty ()
	Tells cairo to consider the data buffer dirty. More...

void	mark_dirty (int x, int y, int width, int height)
	Marks a rectangular area of the given surface dirty. More...

void	set_device_offset (double x_offset, double y_offset)
	Sets an offset that is added to the device coordinates determined by the CTM when drawing to surface. More...

void	get_device_offset (double & x_offset, double & y_offset) const
	Returns a previous device offset set by set_device_offset(). More...

void	set_device_scale (double x_scale, double y_scale)
	Sets a scale that is multiplied to the device coordinates determined by the CTM when drawing to surface. More...

void	set_device_scale (double scale)
	Sets x and y scale to the same value. More...

void	get_device_scale (double & x_scale, double & y_scale) const
	Returns a previous device scale set by set_device_scale(). More...

double	get_device_scale () const
	Returns the x and y average of a previous device scale set by set_device_scale(). More...

void	set_fallback_resolution (double x_pixels_per_inch, double y_pixels_per_inch)
	Set the horizontal and vertical resolution for image fallbacks. More...

void	get_fallback_resolution (double & x_pixels_per_inch, double & y_pixels_per_inch) const
	This function returns the previous fallback resolution set by set_fallback_resolution(), or default fallback resolution if never set. More...

Type	get_type () const

Content	get_content () const
	This function returns the content type of surface which indicates whether the surface contains color and/or alpha information. More...

void	copy_page ()
	Emits the current page for backends that support multiple pages, but doesn't clear it, so that the contents of the current page will be retained for the next page. More...

void	show_page ()
	Emits and clears the current page for backends that support multiple pages. More...

bool	has_show_text_glyphs () const
	Returns whether the surface supports sophisticated Context::show_text_glyphs() operations. More...

void	write_to_png (const std::string & filename)
	Writes the contents of surface to a new file filename as a PNG image. More...

void	write_to_png_stream (const SlotWriteFunc & write_func)
	Writes the Surface to the write function. More...

RefPtr< Device >	get_device ()
	This function returns the device for a surface. More...

cobject *	cobj ()
	Provides acces to the underlying C cairo surface. More...

const cobject *	cobj () const
	Provides acces to the underlying C cairo surface. More...

Static Public Member Functions
static RefPtr< Surface >	create (const RefPtr< Surface > other, Content content, int width, int height)
	Create a new surface that is as compatible as possible with an existing surface. More...

static RefPtr< Surface >	create (const RefPtr< Surface > & target, double x, double y, double width, double height)
	Create a new surface that is a rectangle within the target surface. More...

Protected Attributes
cobject *	m_cobject
	The underlying C cairo surface type that is wrapped by this Surface. More...

Detailed Description

A cairo surface represents an image, either as the destination of a drawing operation or as source when drawing onto another surface.

There are different subtypes of cairo surface for different drawing backends. This class is a base class for all subtypes and should not be used directly

Most surface types allow accessing the surface without using Cairo functions. If you do this, keep in mind that it is mandatory that you call Cairo::Surface::flush() before reading from or writing to the surface and that you must use Cairo::Surface::mark_dirty() after modifying it.

Surfaces are reference-counted objects that should be used via Cairo::RefPtr.

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ cobject

typedef cairo_surface_t Cairo::Surface::cobject

The underlying C cairo surface type.

◆ SlotDestroy

typedef sigc::slot<void()> Cairo::Surface::SlotDestroy

For instance, void on_destroy();.

◆ SlotReadFunc

typedef sigc::slot<ErrorStatus(unsigned char* , unsigned int )> Cairo::Surface::SlotReadFunc

This is the type of function which is called when a backend needs to read data from an input stream.

It is passed the buffer to read the data into and the length of the data in bytes. The read function should return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS if all the data was successfully read, CAIRO_STATUS_READ_ERROR otherwise.

Parameters

data	the buffer into which to read the data
length	the amount of data to read

Returns: the status code of the read operation

◆ SlotWriteFunc

typedef sigc::slot<ErrorStatus(const unsigned char* , unsigned int )> Cairo::Surface::SlotWriteFunc

For example: ErrorStatus my_write_func(unsigned char* data, unsigned int length);

This is the type of function which is called when a backend needs to write data to an output stream. It is passed the data to write and the length of the data in bytes. The write function should return CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS if all the data was successfully written, CAIRO_STATUS_WRITE_ERROR otherwise.

Parameters

data	the buffer containing the data to write
length	the amount of data to write

Returns: the status code of the write operation

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ Format

enum Cairo::Surface::Format

strong

Format is used to identify the memory format of image data.

New entries may be added in future versions.

Enumerator
ARGB32	Each pixel is a 32-bit quantity, with alpha in the upper 8 bits, then red, then green, then blue. The 32-bit quantities are stored native-endian. Pre-multiplied alpha is used. (That is, 50% transparent red is 0x80800000,
RGB24	Each pixel is a 32-bit quantity, with the upper 8 bits unused. Red, Green, and Blue are stored in the remaining 24 bits in that order.
A8	Each pixel is a 8-bit quantity holding an alpha value.
A1	Each pikel is a 1-bit quentity holding an alpha value. Pixels are packed together into 32-bit quantities. The ordering of the bits matches the endianess of the platform. On a big-endian machine, the first pixel is in the uppermost bit, on a little endian machine the first pixel is in the least-significant bit.
RGB16_565	Each fixel is a 16-bit quantity with red in the upper 5 bits, then green in the middle 6 bits, and blue in the lower 5 bits.

◆ Type

enum Cairo::Surface::Type

strong

Cairo::Surface::Type is used to describe the type of a given surface.

The surface types are also known as "backends" or "surface backends" within cairo.

The surface type can be queried with Surface::get_type()

The various Cairo::Surface functions can be used with surfaces of any type, but some backends also provide type-specific functions that must only be called with a surface of the appropriate type.

New entries may be added in future versions.

Since: 1.2

Enumerator
IMAGE	The surface is of type image.
PDF	The surface is of type pdf.
PS	The surface is of type ps.
XLIB	The surface is of type xlim.
XCB	The surface is of type xcb.
GLITZ	The surface is of type glitz.
QUARTZ	The surface is of type quartz.
WIN32	The surface is of type win32. Deprecated: Use WIN32_SURFACE instead.
WIN32_SURFACE	The surface is of type win32. Since 1.16.1
BEOS	The surface is of type beos.
DIRECTFB	The surface is of type directfb.
SVG	The surface is of type svg.
OS2	The surface is of type os2.
WIN32_PRINTING	The surface is a win32 printing surface.
QUARTZ_IMAGE	The surface is of type quartz_image.
SCRIPT	The surface is of type script. Since 1.10
QT	The surface is of type Qt. Since 1.10
RECORDING	The surface is of type recording. Since 1.10
VG	The surface is a OpenVg surface. Since 1.10
GL	The surface is of type OpenGl. Since 1.10
DRM	The surface is of type Direct Render Manager. Since 1.10
TEE	The surface is of type script 'tee' (a multiplexing surface) Since 1.10
XML	The surface is of type XML (for debugging) Since 1.10
SKIA	The surface is of type Skia. Since 1.10
SUBSURFACE	The surface is of type The surface is a subsurface created with Surface::create() Since 1.10

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Surface() [1/2]

Cairo::Surface::Surface	(	cairo_surface_t *	cobject,
		bool	has_reference = `false`
	)

explicit

Create a C++ wrapper for the C instance.

This C++ instance should then be given to a RefPtr.

Parameters

cobject	The C instance.
has_reference	Whether we already have a reference. Otherwise, the constructor will take an extra reference.

◆ Surface() [2/2]

Cairo::Surface::Surface ( const Surface & )

delete

◆ ~Surface()

virtual Cairo::Surface::~Surface ( )

virtual

Member Function Documentation

◆ cobj() [1/2]

cobject* Cairo::Surface::cobj ( )

inline

Provides acces to the underlying C cairo surface.

◆ cobj() [2/2]

const cobject* Cairo::Surface::cobj ( ) const

inline

Provides acces to the underlying C cairo surface.

◆ copy_page()

void Cairo::Surface::copy_page ( )

Emits the current page for backends that support multiple pages, but doesn't clear it, so that the contents of the current page will be retained for the next page.

Use show_page() if you want to get an empty page after the emission.

Since: 1.6

◆ create() [1/2]

static RefPtr<Surface> Cairo::Surface::create	(	const RefPtr< Surface > &	target,
		double	x,
		double	y,
		double	width,
		double	height
	)

static

Create a new surface that is a rectangle within the target surface.

All operations drawn to this surface are then clipped and translated onto the target surface. Nothing drawn via this sub-surface outside of its bounds is drawn onto the target surface, making this a useful method for passing constrained child surfaces to library routines that draw directly onto the parent surface, i.e. with no further backend allocations, double buffering or copies.

@Note The semantics of subsurfaces have not been finalized yet unless the rectangle is in full device units, is contained within the extents of the target surface, and the target or subsurface's device transforms are not changed.

Parameters

target	an existing surface for which the sub-surface will point to
x	the x-origin of the sub-surface from the top-left of the target surface (in device-space units)
y	the y-origin of the sub-surface from the top-left of the target surface (in device-space units)
width	width of the sub-surface (in device-space units)
height	height of the sub-surface (in device-space units)

Since: 1.10

◆ create() [2/2]

static RefPtr<Surface> Cairo::Surface::create	(	const RefPtr< Surface >	other,
		Content	content,
		int	width,
		int	height
	)

static

Create a new surface that is as compatible as possible with an existing surface.

The new surface will use the same backend as other unless that is not possible for some reason.

Parameters

other	an existing surface used to select the backend of the new surface
content	the content for the new surface
width	width of the new surface, (in device-space units)
height	height of the new surface (in device-space units)

Returns: a RefPtr to the newly allocated surface.

◆ finish()

void Cairo::Surface::finish ( )

This function finishes the surface and drops all references to external resources.

For example, for the Xlib backend it means that cairo will no longer access the drawable, which can be freed. After calling finish() the only valid operations on a surface are getting and setting user data and referencing and destroying it. Further drawing to the surface will not affect the surface but will instead trigger a CAIRO_STATUS_SURFACE_FINISHED error.

When the Surface is destroyed, cairo will call finish() if it hasn't been called already, before freeing the resources associated with the Surface.

◆ flush()

void Cairo::Surface::flush ( )

Do any pending drawing for the surface and also restore any temporary modifications cairo has made to the surface's state.

This function must be called before switching from drawing on the surface with cairo to drawing on it directly with native APIs. If the surface doesn't support direct access, then this function does nothing.

◆ get_content()

Content Cairo::Surface::get_content ( ) const

This function returns the content type of surface which indicates whether the surface contains color and/or alpha information.

Since: 1.8

◆ get_device()

RefPtr<Device> Cairo::Surface::get_device ( )

This function returns the device for a surface.

Returns: The device for this surface, or an empty RefPtr if the surface has no associated device

◆ get_device_offset()

void Cairo::Surface::get_device_offset	(	double &	x_offset,
		double &	y_offset
	)		const

Returns a previous device offset set by set_device_offset().

◆ get_device_scale() [1/2]

double Cairo::Surface::get_device_scale ( ) const

Returns the x and y average of a previous device scale set by set_device_scale().

Since cairomm 1.18:

◆ get_device_scale() [2/2]

void Cairo::Surface::get_device_scale	(	double &	x_scale,
		double &	y_scale
	)		const

Returns a previous device scale set by set_device_scale().

Since cairomm 1.18:

◆ get_fallback_resolution()

void Cairo::Surface::get_fallback_resolution	(	double &	x_pixels_per_inch,
		double &	y_pixels_per_inch
	)		const

This function returns the previous fallback resolution set by set_fallback_resolution(), or default fallback resolution if never set.

Parameters

x_pixels_per_inch	horizontal pixels per inch
y_pixels_per_inch	vertical pixels per inch

Since: 1.8

◆ get_font_options()

void Cairo::Surface::get_font_options ( FontOptions & options ) const

Retrieves the default font rendering options for the surface.

This allows display surfaces to report the correct subpixel order for rendering on them, print surfaces to disable hinting of metrics and so forth. The result can then be used with Cairo::ScaledFont::create().

Parameters

options a FontOptions object into which to store the retrieved options. All existing values are overwritten

◆ get_mime_data()

const unsigned char* Cairo::Surface::get_mime_data	(	const std::string &	mime_type,
		unsigned long &	length
	)

Return mime data previously attached to surface using the specified mime type.

If no data has been attached with the given mime type then this returns 0.

Parameters

mime_type	The MIME type of the image data.
length	This will be set to the length of the image data.

Returns: The image data attached to the surface.

Since: 1.10

◆ get_type()

Type Cairo::Surface::get_type ( ) const

◆ has_show_text_glyphs()

bool Cairo::Surface::has_show_text_glyphs ( ) const

Returns whether the surface supports sophisticated Context::show_text_glyphs() operations.

That is, whether it actually uses the provided text and cluster data to a Context::show_text_glyphs() call.

Note: Even if this function returns FALSE, a Context::show_text_glyphs() operation targeted at this surface will still succeed. It just will act like a Context::show_glyphs() operation. Users can use this function to avoid computing UTF-8 text and cluster mapping if the target surface does not use it.

Since: 1.8

◆ mark_dirty() [1/2]

void Cairo::Surface::mark_dirty ( )

Tells cairo to consider the data buffer dirty.

In particular, if you've created an ImageSurface with a data buffer that you've allocated yourself and you draw to that data buffer using means other than cairo, you must call mark_dirty() before doing any additional drawing to that surface with cairo.

Note that if you do draw to the Surface outside of cairo, you must call flush() before doing the drawing.

◆ mark_dirty() [2/2]

void Cairo::Surface::mark_dirty	(	int	x,
		int	y,
		int	width,
		int	height
	)

Marks a rectangular area of the given surface dirty.

Parameters

x	X coordinate of dirty rectangle
y	Y coordinate of dirty rectangle
width	width of dirty rectangle
height	height of dirty rectangle

◆ operator=()

Surface& Cairo::Surface::operator= ( const Surface & )

delete

◆ set_device_offset()

void Cairo::Surface::set_device_offset	(	double	x_offset,
		double	y_offset
	)

Sets an offset that is added to the device coordinates determined by the CTM when drawing to surface.

One use case for this function is when we want to create a Surface that redirects drawing for a portion of an onscreen surface to an offscreen surface in a way that is completely invisible to the user of the cairo API. Setting a transformation via Cairo::Context::translate() isn't sufficient to do this, since functions like Cairo::Context::device_to_user() will expose the hidden offset.

Note that the offset only affects drawing to the surface, not using the surface in a surface pattern.

Parameters

x_offset	the offset in the X direction, in device units
y_offset	the offset in the Y direction, in device units

◆ set_device_scale() [1/2]

void Cairo::Surface::set_device_scale ( double scale )

inline

Sets x and y scale to the same value.

See set_device_scale(double, double) for details.

Parameters

scale a scale factor in the X and Y direction

Since cairomm 1.18:

◆ set_device_scale() [2/2]

void Cairo::Surface::set_device_scale	(	double	x_scale,
		double	y_scale
	)

Sets a scale that is multiplied to the device coordinates determined by the CTM when drawing to surface.

One common use for this is to render to very high resolution display devices at a scale factor, so that code that assumes 1 pixel will be a certain size will still work. Setting a transformation via Cairo::Context::scale() isn't sufficient to do this, since functions like Cairo::Context::device_to_user() will expose the hidden scale.

Note that the scale affects drawing to the surface as well as using the surface in a source pattern.

Parameters

x_scale	a scale factor in the X direction
y_scale	a scale factor in the Y direction

Since cairomm 1.18:

◆ set_fallback_resolution()

void Cairo::Surface::set_fallback_resolution	(	double	x_pixels_per_inch,
		double	y_pixels_per_inch
	)

Set the horizontal and vertical resolution for image fallbacks.

When certain operations aren't supported natively by a backend, cairo will fallback by rendering operations to an image and then overlaying that image onto the output. For backends that are natively vector-oriented, this function can be used to set the resolution used for these image fallbacks, (larger values will result in more detailed images, but also larger file sizes).

Some examples of natively vector-oriented backends are the ps, pdf, and svg backends.

For backends that are natively raster-oriented, image fallbacks are still possible, but they are always performed at the native device resolution. So this function has no effect on those backends.

Note: The fallback resolution only takes effect at the time of completing a page (with Context::show_page() or Context::copy_page()) so there is currently no way to have more than one fallback resolution in effect on a single page.

The default fallback resoultion is 300 pixels per inch in both dimensions.

Parameters

x_pixels_per_inch	Pixels per inch in the x direction
y_pixels_per_inch	Pixels per inch in the y direction

Since: 1.2

◆ set_mime_data()

void Cairo::Surface::set_mime_data	(	const std::string &	mime_type,
		unsigned char *	data,
		unsigned long	length,
		const SlotDestroy &	slot_destroy
	)

Attach an image in the format mime_type to surface.

To remove the data from a surface, call unset_mime_data() with same mime type.

The attached image (or filename) data can later be used by backends which support it (currently: PDF, PS, SVG and Win32 Printing surfaces) to emit this data instead of making a snapshot of the surface. This approach tends to be faster and requires less memory and disk space.

The recognized MIME types are the following: CAIRO_MIME_TYPE_JPEG, CAIRO_MIME_TYPE_PNG, CAIRO_MIME_TYPE_JP2, CAIRO_MIME_TYPE_URI.

See corresponding backend surface docs for details about which MIME types it can handle. Caution: the associated MIME data will be discarded if you draw on the surface afterwards. Use this function with care.

Parameters

mime_type	The MIME type of the image data. param data The image @data to attach to the surface. param length The length of the image data.
slot_destroy	A callback slot that will be called when the Surface no longer needs the data. For instance, when the Surface is destroyed or when new image data is attached using the same MIME tpe.

Since: 1.10

◆ show_page()

void Cairo::Surface::show_page ( )

Emits and clears the current page for backends that support multiple pages.

Use copy_page() if you don't want to clear the page.

Since: 1.6

◆ unset_mime_data()

void Cairo::Surface::unset_mime_data ( const std::string & mime_type )

Remove the data from a surface.

See set_mime_data().

◆ write_to_png()

void Cairo::Surface::write_to_png ( const std::string & filename )

Writes the contents of surface to a new file filename as a PNG image.

Note: For this function to be available, cairo must have been compiled with PNG support

Parameters

filename the name of a file to write to

◆ write_to_png_stream()

void Cairo::Surface::write_to_png_stream ( const SlotWriteFunc & write_func )

Writes the Surface to the write function.

Note: For this function to be available, cairo must have been compiled with PNG support

Parameters

write_func The function to be called when the backend needs to write data to an output stream

Since: 1.8

Member Data Documentation

◆ m_cobject

cobject* Cairo::Surface::m_cobject

protected

The underlying C cairo surface type that is wrapped by this Surface.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:

cairomm/surface.h

Public Types

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Detailed Description

Member Typedef Documentation

◆ cobject

◆ SlotDestroy

◆ SlotReadFunc

◆ SlotWriteFunc

Member Enumeration Documentation

◆ Format

◆ Type

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

◆ Surface() [1/2]

◆ Surface() [2/2]

◆ ~Surface()

Member Function Documentation

◆ cobj() [1/2]

◆ cobj() [2/2]

◆ copy_page()

◆ create() [1/2]

◆ create() [2/2]

◆ finish()

◆ flush()

◆ get_content()

◆ get_device()

◆ get_device_offset()

◆ get_device_scale() [1/2]

◆ get_device_scale() [2/2]

◆ get_fallback_resolution()

◆ get_font_options()

◆ get_mime_data()

◆ get_type()

◆ has_show_text_glyphs()

◆ mark_dirty() [1/2]

◆ mark_dirty() [2/2]

◆ operator=()

◆ set_device_offset()

◆ set_device_scale() [1/2]

◆ set_device_scale() [2/2]

◆ set_fallback_resolution()

◆ set_mime_data()

◆ show_page()

◆ unset_mime_data()

◆ write_to_png()

◆ write_to_png_stream()

Member Data Documentation

◆ m_cobject